Association Between Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy and Risk of Falls in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Narrative Review

Faisal Wali Ahmed; Aakash Mahato; Jawad Mahmood; Mahnoor Akram; Abdullah Amir Basra; Fatima Tuz Zahra; Muhammad Usairam Cheema; Neelesh Taticherala; Maleeha Rehman; Zohaib Hassan

doi:10.70749/ijbr.v3i6.1586

Authors

Faisal Wali Ahmed Department of Critical Care Medicine, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Aakash Mahato Mirbat Hospital, Ministry of Health, Mirbat, Oman.
Jawad Mahmood Central Park Medical College, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Mahnoor Akram Islamabad Medical and Dental College, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Abdullah Amir Basra Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Fatima Tuz Zahra Combined Institute of Medical Sciences, CMH, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
Muhammad Usairam Cheema Department of General Medicine, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Neelesh Taticherala Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Maleeha Rehman Rashid Latif Khan University Medical College, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Zohaib Hassan Department of Cardiology, Sundas Foundation, Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v3i6.1586

Keywords:

Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy, Type 2 Diabetes, Falls, Balance Impairment

Abstract

Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a prevalent and debilitating complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), characterized by progressive sensory and motor deficits. These impairments significantly increase the risk of falls, which are a major cause of injury, disability, and reduced quality of life in this population. Objective: This narrative review aims to synthesize current clinical evidence on the association between DPN and fall risk, identify key mechanisms contributing to instability, and highlight tools and strategies for fall prevention. Key Findings: DPN contributes to falls through multiple pathways, including sensory loss, proprioceptive dysfunction, gait abnormalities, postural instability, and neuropathic pain. Clinical studies confirm a significantly higher fall incidence in individuals with DPN compared to diabetic patients without neuropathy. Validated tools such as the monofilament test, vibration perception threshold, and Timed Up and Go (TUG) test are effective in assessing fall risk. Preventive strategies including glycemic control, balance training, foot care, and assistive devices show promise but are underutilized. Limitations in current literature include reliance on cross-sectional designs, inconsistent definitions, and lack of inclusive or long-term data. Conclusion: DPN is a critical yet under-addressed risk factor for falls in adults with T2DM. Routine fall risk screening and comprehensive, multidisciplinary management approaches should be integrated into diabetic care to reduce fall-related morbidity and improve functional outcomes.

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