Integrated Pest Management and Controlling Strategies in Pakistan

Authors

  • Shaoor Shafique Department of Entomology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
  • Hamza Rashid Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.
  • Muhammad Anas Sarwar Agriculture Biotech Division (ABD), National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
  • Shamim Akhtar Principal Scientist, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad
  • Umar Raza Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.
  • Muhammad Farhan College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, China
  • Muhammad Usman Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.
  • Muhammad Aqib Idrees Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Department of Plant Protection, Yangling, China
  • Muhammad Waleed Mukhtar Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.
  • Sajid Ali Shah Lecturer Entomology, Department of Agriculture, University College of Dera Murad Jamali Naseerabad, Baluchistan, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v3i6.1605

Keywords:

Pest, pest control, Integrated Pest Management (IPM), Cultural control, Mechanical control, Chemical control, biological control, Regulatory control

Abstract

Insects are considered a potential pest affecting humans, their crops, livestock, or possessions. Various control methods and strategies have been used for a very long time. Various elements, including metals, plant derivatives, pathogens, predatory insects, and insecticides, are being used to control the pest. The emergence of Integrated Pest Management has integrated many management tactics that are less harmful to humans as well as the environment. This article covers the strategies used in Pakistan, including cultural, mechanical, chemical, biological, genetic, and regulatory control strategies. Among all these strategies, the use of biopesticides is considered the most effective. The most traditional method, cultural control, is still in practice for a variety of crops in Pakistan. The mechanical methods are also used widely to protect crops like maize in Pakistan. The most powerful strategy being applied in Pakistan to produce high yield and sustainable crops is the chemical control method. Biological control has played an essential role in conserving the environment by reducing the use of pesticides and controlling major insect pests. Genetic engineering is an emerging controlling strategy that is providing an effective way to protect and enhance the agricultural industry in Pakistan. The legislation could also prove to be an important factor in controlling the pest populations effectively.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. Abbas, M., Abbas, S., Faraz, I., Hussain, N., Aslam, M., Irshad, M., ... & Iqbal, M. A. (2023). Comparing Traditional and Contemporary Approaches to Integrated Pest Management in Major Field Crops. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, 36(3), 183-192.

2. Alphey, N., & Bonsall, M. B. (2018). Genetics‐based methods for agricultural insect pest management. Agricultural and forest entomology, 20(2), 131-140.

3. Arora, N. K., Verma, M., Prakash, J., & Mishra, J. (2016). Regulation of biopesticides: global concerns and policies. Bioformulations: for sustainable agriculture, 283-299.

4. Aslam, M. R., Amer, M., & Shad, S. A. (2011). Insect pest status of aphids on oilseed brassica crops and need for chemical control. Crop and Environment, 2(2), 60-63.

5. Azeem, M., Asrar, M., Jabeen, F., & Sultana, S. (2022). Evaluation of various pest management strategies against fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) on citrus (Citrus reticulate B.). Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 59(4).

6. Baker, B. P., Green, T. A., & Loker, A. J. (2020). Biological control and integrated pest management in organic and conventional systems. Biological Control, 140, 104095.

7. Barzman, M., Bàrberi, P., Birch, A. N. E., Boonekamp, P., Dachbrodt-Saaydeh, S., Graf, B., ... & Sattin, M. (2015). Eight principles of integrated pest management. Agronomy for sustainable development, 35, 1199-1215.

8. Bashyal, S., Poudel, D., & Gautam, B. (2022). A Review On Cultural Practice As An Effective Pest Management Approach Under Integrated Pest Management. Tropical Agroecosystems (TAEC), 3(1), 34-40.

9. Brunner, J. F. (1994). Integrated pest management in tree fruit crops. Food Reviews International, 10(2), 135-157.

10. Conway, G.R. (1976) Man versus pests. In: May R.M. (ed.) Theoretical Ecology. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK, pp. 356–386.

11. Daelemans, R., Hulsmans, E., Laenen, E., Remy, S., Belien, T., & Honnay, O. (2023). Direct and indirect effects of management and landscape on biological pest control and crop pest infestation in apple orchards. Journal of Applied Ecology, 60(1), 181-192.

12. Dent, D., & Binks, R. H. (2020). Insect pest management. Cabi.

13. EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH), Bragard, C., Baptista, P., Chatzivassiliou, E., Di Serio, F., Gonthier, P., ... & Reignault, P. L. (2023). Pest categorisation of Coleosporium eupatorii. EFSA Journal, 21(5), e08020.

14. Hajjar, M. J., Ahmed, N., Alhudaib, K. A., & Ullah, H. (2023). Integrated Insect Pest Management Techniques for Rice. Sustainability, 15(5), 4499.

15. Hashmi, M. S. (2016). Agrochemical and agricultural sustainability: A case study of Pakistan. J. Environ. Agric. Sci, 9, 1-9.

16. Holmes, S. B., & MacQuarrie, C. J. (2016). Chemical control in forest pest management. The Canadian Entomologist, 148(S1), S270-S295.

17. Karim, S. (2000). Management of Helicoverpa armigera: a review and prospectus for Pakistan. Pak. J. Biol. Sci, 3(8), 1213-1222.

18. Khalid, E., Afzal, I., Khan, S. H. U., & Awan, S. I. (2024). Comparison of hermetic and conventional bags for maize seed preservation in Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. Journal of Stored Products Research, 105, 102215.

19. Khan, F. Z., Manzoor, S. A., Gul, H. T., Ali, M., Bashir, M. A., Akmal, M., ... & Joseph, S. V. (2021). Drivers of farmers’ intention to adopt integrated pest management: a case study of vegetable farmers in Pakistan. Ecosphere, 12(10), e03812.

20. Khan, M., & Damalas, C. A. (2015). Factors preventing the adoption of alternatives to chemical pest control among Pakistani cotton farmers. International journal of pest management, 61(1), 9-16.

21. Leftwich, P. T., Spurgin, L. G., Harvey-Samuel, T., Thomas, C. J., Paladino, L. C., Edgington, M. P., & Alphey, L. (2021). Genetic pest management and the background genetics of release strains. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 376(1818), 20190805.

22. Metcalf, R. L. (1987). Benefit/risk considerations in the use of pesticides. Agriculture and Human Values, 4, 15-25.

23. Morse, S., & Buhler, W. (1997). Integrated pest management: ideals and realities in developing countries. Lynne Rienner Publishers.

24. Nawaz, A., Sufyan, M., Gogi, M. D., & Javed, M. W. (2019). Sustainable management of insect-pests. Innovations in sustainable agriculture, 287-335.

25. Ofuya, T. I., Okunlola, A. I., & Mbata, G. N. (2023). A Review of Insect Pest Management in Vegetable Crop Production in Nigeria. Insects, 14(2), 111.

26. Orr, D. (2009). Biological control and integrated pest management. Integrated Pest Management: Innovation-Development Process: Volume 1, 207-239.

27. Pretty, J., & Pervez Bharucha, Z. (2015). Integrated pest management for sustainable intensification of agriculture in Asia and Africa. Insects, 6(1), 152-182.

28. Qazi, S. S., & Khachatourians, G. G. (2005). Insect pests of Pakistan and their management practices: prospects for the use of entomopathogenic fungi. Biopest Int, 1, 13-24.

29. Saeed, S., Ahmad, M., Ahmad, M., & KWON, Y. J. (2007). Insecticidal control of the mealybug Phenacoccus gossypiphilous (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), a new pest of cotton in Pakistan. Entomological Research, 37(2), 76-80.

30. Shahid, M., Ahmad, A., Khalid, S., Siddique, H. F., Saeed, M. F., Ashraf, M. R., ... & Pinelli, E. (2016). Pesticides pollution in agricultural soils of Pakistan. Soil science: Agricultural and environmental prospectives, 199-229.

31. Subedi, B., Poudel, A., & Aryal, S. (2023). The impact of climate change on insect pest biology and ecology: Implications for pest management strategies, crop production, and food security. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 14, 100733.

32. Syed, J. H., Alamdar, A., Mohammad, A., Ahad, K., Shabir, Z., Ahmed, H., ... & Eqani, S. A. M. A. S. (2014). Pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from Pakistan: a review of the occurrence and associated human health risks. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 21, 13367-13393.

33. Tanveer, A., Ikram, R. M., & Ali, H. H. (2019). Crop rotation: Principles and practices. Agronomic Crops: Volume 2: Management Practices, 1-12.

34. Thakur, K., Sharma, A., & Sharma, K. (2021). Management of agricultural insect pests with physical control methods. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 10, 306-314.

35. Wakil, W., Ashfaq, M., Ghazanfar, M. U., Afzal, M., & Riasat, T. (2009). Integrated management of Helicoverpa armigera in chickpea in rainfed areas of Punjab, Pakistan. Phytoparasitica, 37, 415-420.

36. Wakil, W., Ashfaq, M., KWON, Y. J., & Ghazanfar, M. U. (2009). Trends in integrated pest management strategies for the control of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) caterpillars on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Entomological Research, 39(1), 84-88.

37. Wasaya, A., Yasir, T. A., Ijaz, M., & Ahmad, S. (2019). Tillage effects on agronomic crop production. Agronomic Crops: Volume 2: Management Practices, 73-99.

38. Yadav, P. K., Sharma, S., & Sharma, A. (2021). Management trends of rice insect pests in South Asia: A Review. Food Agric.(RFNA), 2, 46-53.

Downloads

Published

2025-06-30

Issue

Vol. 3 No. 6 (2025): Indus Journal of Bioscience Research

Section

Original Article

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Indus Journal of Bioscience Research

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Hamza Rashid, Muhammad Anas Sarwar, Shamim Akhtar, Umar Raza, Muhammad Farhan, Muhammad Usman, Muhammad Aqib Idrees, Muhammad Waleed Mukhtar, & Sajid Ali Shah. (2025). Integrated Pest Management and Controlling Strategies in Pakistan. Indus Journal of Bioscience Research, 3(6), 803-808. https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v3i6.1605