Mode of Delivery and Fetomaternal Outcomes in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v3i6.1787Keywords:
Gestational diabetes mellitus, mode of delivery, cesarean section, pregnancy-induced hypertension, macrosomia, fetomaternal outcomesAbstract
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common complications of pregnancy, frequently linked to negative consequences for both the mother and the child. It may influence the course of labor and often prompts decisions regarding the safest mode of delivery. To determine the frequency of various modes of delivery and assess the associated fetomaternal outcomes in women diagnosed with GDM. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted over six months at a Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar from March 15, 2024 to September 15, 2024. A total of 101 pregnant women with GDM were enrolled using a non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Baseline characteristics, mode of delivery, and outcomes such as pregnancy-induced hypertension, vulvovaginitis, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, and macrosomia were documented. Data were analyzed using SPSS v26, with the Chi-square test applied to determine associations. Results: Cesarean section was the most common mode of delivery, observed in 60.4% of patients. Pregnancy-induced hypertension was recorded in 35.6% of participants, macrosomia in 13.9%, hyperbilirubinemia in 14.9%, and vulvovaginitis in 6.9%. No statistically significant association was found between mode of delivery and these outcomes (p > 0.05), although macrosomia and hyperbilirubinemia showed trends toward significance. Conclusion: Cesarean section remains a frequently chosen mode of delivery in women with GDM, often driven by precautionary clinical judgment. While complications such as PIH and macrosomia are common, individualized care and effective glycemic control are key to improving fetomaternal outcomes and reducing unnecessary operative deliveries.
Downloads
References
1. Gupta, S., et al., Comparative analysis of fetomaternal outcome in women with gestational diabetes mellitus managed on different modalities. N Indian J OBGYN, 2022. 8: p. 246-50.
https://doi.org/10.21276/obgyn.2022.8.2.17
2. Patel, T.L. and K.D. Jadav, A study of feto-maternal outcome in cases of gestational diabetes mellitus. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol, 2023. 12(2): p. 377-382.
https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20230039
3. Abrar, S., Fetomaternal Outcome in Different Modes of Delivery in Patients with Eclampsia. Journal of Postgraduate Medical Institute, 2022. 36(4): p. 213-7.
https://doi.org/10.54079/jpmi.36.4.3090
4. Ye, W., et al., Gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis. Bmj, 2022. 377.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2021-067946
5. VISHNOI, N., et al., Fetomaternal Outcome of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus In Primigravida Delivered At Tertiary Care Hospital. Asian J Pharm Clin Res, 2023. 16(8): p. 68-71.
https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2023.v16i8.48598
6. Jani, S.K., et al., Fetomaternal outcome in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2023. 13(3): p. 652-656.
https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.01032202306022023
7. Muche, A.A., O.O. Olayemi, and Y.K. Gete, Effects of gestational diabetes mellitus on risk of adverse maternal outcomes: a prospective cohort study in Northwest Ethiopia. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2020. 20: p. 1-13.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-020-2759-8
8. Alia, A., R. Ahmad, and M. Husain. Feto-Maternal Complications in Gestational Diabetes and in Pre-Existing Diabetes Mellitus. in Medical Forum Monthly. 2020.
9. Obut, M., et al., Comparison of feto-maternal outcomes between emergency and Elective Cesarean deliveries in patients with gestational diabetes. Türkiye Diyabet ve Obezite Dergisi, 2023. 7(1): p. 52-59.
https://doi.org/10.25048/tudod.1233486
10. Shingala, K.D., et al., Fetomaternal outcome in patients with diabetes mellitus in pregnancy. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2019. 8(7): p. 2701-2705.
https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20193028
11. Balke, S., et al., Glucose levels of the oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) can predict adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes (GDM). Journal of clinical medicine, 2023. 12(11): p. 3709.
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12113709
12. Bapayeva, G., et al., Pregnancy outcomes in women with diabetes mellitus–the impact of diabetes type and treatment. Menopause Review/Przegląd Menopauzalny, 2022. 21(1): p. 37-46.
https://doi.org/10.5114/pm.2022.113781
13. Rathod, J.K., H.M. Vohra, and J.V. Vasava, Clinical study of feto-maternal outcomes in cases of gestational diabetes mellitus. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology. 11(6): p. 1663.
https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20221436
14. Anthony, N., et al., Feto-maternal outcomes and treatment compliance in metformin versus insulin-treated gestational diabetic and non-diabetic patients at the Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar. Cureus, 2021. 13(8).
https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.17424
15. Jayasingh Sr, S., et al., Comparison of fetomaternal outcomes in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus treated with insulin versus acarbose: results of a prospective, open label, controlled study. Cureus, 2020. 12(12).
https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.12283
16. Renugasundari, M., et al., Assessment of a short-course yoga practice on cardiometabolic risks, fetomaternal outcomes and psychophysical health in gestational diabetes mellitus. Biomedicine, 2021. 41(2): p. 337-343.
https://doi.org/10.51248/.v41i2.1036
17. Mahadik, K., P. Choudhary, and P. Roy, Study of thyroid function in pregnancy, its feto-maternal outcome; a prospective observational study. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2020. 20: p. 1-7.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-020-03448-z
18. Tehrani, F.R., et al., Effect of different types of diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus on adverse neonatal outcomes: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Diabetes & Metabolism Journal, 2022. 46(4): p. 605-619.
https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0178
19. Amer, M.B., Placental location in the uterus and its roles in fetal, maternal outcome and mode of delivery. Archivos Venezolanos de Farmacologia y Terapeutica, 2021. 40(5): p. 487-495.
20. Kundariya, K.R., et al., Fetomaternal Outcome in Twin Pregnancy. J South Asian Fed Obstet Gynaecol, 2023. 14(6): p. 663-6.
https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10006-2149
21. Saxena, P., et al., Diagnostic Accuracy of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group of India with Carpenter–Coustan and National Diabetes Data Group Criteria for Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Correlation with Fetomaternal Outcome. The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India, 2022. 72(2): p. 154-159.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Indus Journal of Bioscience Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
