Cervical Smear Abnormalities and Associated Risk Factors in Women Focus on HPV Status

Hafiza Nida Mumtaz; Shamal Dawood; Sana Afridi; Neelam Hassan; Nazia Wahid; Ikram Ullah

doi:10.70749/ijbr.v3i2.1951

Authors

Hafiza Nida Mumtaz Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Swat Medical College, Swat, Pakistan.
Shamal Dawood Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
Sana Afridi Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
Neelam Hassan Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
Nazia Wahid Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Timergara Teaching Hospital, Timergara, Dir Lower, KP, Pakistan.
Ikram Ullah Department of Gynaecology& Obstetrics, Zeb Medical and Dental College, Timergara, Dir Lower, KP, Pakistan.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v3i2.1951

Keywords:

Cervical Cancer, Cervical Smear, Pap Smear, Human Papillomavirus, Oral Contraception

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of cervical smear abnormalities among 63 women, aged 30 to 60 years, and to identify potential risk factors. The overall prevalence of abnormal cervical smears was 29.8%, with no significant age-related variation across the three age groups: 30–40 years (27.5%), 40–50 years (26.8%), and 50–60 years (33.8%) (p=0.608). Parity was not associated with cervical smear abnormalities, as the prevalence was similar in women with 1–3 births (30.3%) and those with 4–6 births (28.6%) (p=0.812). A significant association was observed between partner HPV status and abnormal cervical smears (p=0.015), with women whose partners tested positive for HPV having a higher prevalence of abnormal smears (47.1%) compared to those with HPV-negative partners (26.0%). While 16% of participants reported a history of smoking and 34% used oral contraceptives, neither factor showed a significant relationship with cervical abnormalities. The findings highlight the importance of partner HPV status in the development of cervical abnormalities and emphasize the need for focused HPV screening and preventive measures.

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