Frequency of Different Histopathological Findings of Ovarian Masses Presenting at SKBZ/CMH, Muzaffarabad
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v3i6.2319Keywords:
Gynecologic Neoplasms, Histopathology, Ovarian Neoplasms, Prevalence.Abstract
Background: Ovarian masses represent a frequent gynecological problem, encompassing both benign and malignant lesions. Their clinical and radiological presentations often overlap, making histopathological evaluation essential for definitive diagnosis, treatment planning, and prognosis assessment. Regional data are limited, particularly in Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir, where socioeconomic and healthcare factors may influence disease presentation. Objective: To determine the frequency of different histopathological findings of ovarian masses presenting at CMH, Muzaffarabad. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Duration and Place of Study: The study was conducted from October 2024 to March 2025 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CMH Muzaffarabad. Methodology: A total of 183 women aged 20–70 years with ovarian lesions greater than 1 cm on ultrasound and abdominal pain persisting ≥1 month were included through consecutive sampling. Patients with malignancies in other organ systems or metastatic ovarian involvement were excluded. Clinical and demographic details were documented, and surgical specimens were analyzed histopathologically. Results: The mean age was 45.15±10.29 years, with most patients being married (85.8%) and from rural areas (59.0%). Histopathological analysis revealed benign lesions in 78.7% of cases and malignant tumors in 21.3%. Malignancy was significantly more frequent in women older than 45 years (34.1% vs. 8.7%, p<0.001). Other demographic factors, including marital status, education, residence, and symptom duration, showed no significant association with histopathological outcomes. Conclusion: Benign ovarian masses are the most common histopathological finding, while advancing age is a significant predictor of malignancy.
Downloads
References
1. Vanderpuye, V. D., Clemenceau, J. R., Temin, S., Aziz, Z., Burke, W. M., Cevallos, N. L., Chuang, L. T., Colgan, T. J., Del Carmen, M. G., Fujiwara, K., Kohn, E. C., Gonzáles Nogales, J. E., Konney, T. O., Mukhopadhyay, A., Paudel, B. D., Tóth, I., Wilailak, S., & Ghebre, R. G. (2021). Assessment of adult women with ovarian masses and treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer: ASCO resource-stratified guideline. JCO Global Oncology, (7), 1032-1066.
https://doi.org/10.1200/go.21.00085
2. Erdodi, B., Szollosi, G. J., Toth, Z., Krasznai, Z. T., & Jakab, A. (2025). The clinical relevance of distinguishing between simple and complex Adnexal cystic structures by ultrasound in peri- and Postmenopause. Cancers, 17(8), 1370.
https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17081370
3. Bašković, M., Habek, D., Zaninović, L., Milas, I., & Pogorelić, Z. (2025). The evaluation, diagnosis, and management of ovarian cysts, masses, and their complications in fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents. Healthcare, 13(7), 775.
https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13070775
4. Mehra, P., Aditi, S., Prasad, K. M., & Bariar, N. K. (2023). Histomorphological analysis of ovarian neoplasms according to the 2020 WHO classification of ovarian tumors: A distribution pattern in a tertiary care center. Cureus.
https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.38273
5. Li, T., Hou, N., Mao, L., Liu, F., Ma, Z., Wang, L., Xu, X., Yan, G., Han, Y., & Wei, J. (2024). Tumor markers in differential diagnosis of benign ovarian masses. International Journal of Women's Health, 16, 1517-1531.
https://doi.org/10.2147/ijwh.s471058
6. Mascilini, F., Moro, F., Pasciuto, T., Sladkevicius, P., Froyman, W., Jokubkiene, L., Van Holsbeke, C., Franchi, D., Epstein, E., Guerriero, S., Chiappa, V., Buonomo, F., Kudla, M. J., Alcázar, J. L., Hochberg, L., Ciccarone, F., Quagliozzi, L., Scambia, G., Timmerman, D., … Testa, A. C. (2025). Imaging in gynecological disease (28): Clinical and ultrasound characteristics of serous and mucinous cystadenomas in the adnexa. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 66(2), 233-241.
https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.29248
7. Gică, N., Peltecu, G., Chirculescu, R., Gică, C., Stoicea, M. C., Serbanica, A. N., & Panaitescu, A. M. (2022). Ovarian germ cell tumors: Pictorial essay. Diagnostics, 12(9), 2050.
https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12092050
8. Abena, T. A., Yerakly, F., & Korga, T. (2023). Histopathologic patterns of ovarian tumors in Hawassa University comprehensive specialized hospital, Southern Ethiopia. Journal of Oncology, 2023, 1-5.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2803201
9. Zamwar, U. M., & Anjankar, A. P. (2022). Aetiology, epidemiology, histopathology, classification, detailed evaluation, and treatment of ovarian cancer. Cureus.
https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.30561
10. Uner, H., Demir, M., Goksuluk, D., Kars, A., Uner, M., & Usubutun, A. (2022). Evidence for diverse prognosis in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma: Solid, pseudoendometrioid, and transitional-like; so-called “set morphology” and progesterone receptor status. Turkish Journal of Pathology.
https://doi.org/10.5146/tjpath.2022.01571
11. Subbannayya, Y., Di Fiore, R., Urru, S. A., & Calleja-Agius, J. (2021). The role of omics approaches to characterize molecular mechanisms of rare ovarian cancers: Recent advances and future perspectives. Biomedicines, 9(10), 1481.
https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9101481
12. Mankar, D., & Jain, G. (2015). Histopathological profile of ovarian tumours: A twelve year institutional experience. Muller Journal of Medical Sciences and Research, 6(2), 107.
https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-9727.160675
13. Batool, A., Rathore, Z., Jahangir, F., Javeed, S., Nasir, S., & Chughtai, A. S. (2022). Histopathological spectrum of ovarian neoplasms: A single-center study. Cureus.
https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.27486
14. Patel, A., & Naranbhai Patel, V. (2019). Study of frequency and histopathological pattern of soft tissue tumours in tertiary care centre of Gandhinagar, Gujarat. Tropical Journal of Pathology and Microbiology, 5(1), 20-25.
https://doi.org/10.17511/jopm.2019.i01.04
15. Phukan, A., Borgogoi, M., & Ghosh, S. (2018). Histopathological spectrum of ovarian tumors: An institutional perspective. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 6(8), 2639.
https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20182982
16. Abramowicz, J. S., Condous, G., & Timmerman, D. (2018). Ovarian mass‐differentiating benign from malignant. Why the international ovarian tumour analysis rules should be implemented in Australasia. Australasian Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, 21(3), 121-124.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ajum.12108
17. Shrivastava, V., Nandwani, R., & Sharma, A. (2021). Histomorphological And Radiological Spectrum of Adnexal Masses: An Experience in Tertiary Care Hospital of Central India. International Journal, 4(4), 167.
https://ijmscr.com/asset/images/uploads/16261924520754.pdf
18. Ashraf, A, Shaikh, A, S., Ishfaq, A., Akram, A., Kamal, F., & Ahmad, N. (2012). The relative frequency and histopathological pattern of ovarian masses. Biomedica, 28, 98-102.
19. Makwana, H., Maru, A., Lakum, N., Agnihotri, A., Trivedi, N., & Joshi, J. (2014). The relative frequency and histopathological pattern of ovarian masses - 11 year study at tertiary care centre. International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 3(1), 81.
https://doi.org/10.5455/ijmsph.2013.061020132
20. Pervez, S. N., Junaid, M., Alam, S., Baloch, F. A., Khan, P., & Bibi, N. (2024). Prevalence and histopathological findings of Endometrioid carcinoma and associated risk factors: A cross-sectional study. Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences, 13-18.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Indus Journal of Bioscience Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
