Curcumin-Loaded Nanoparticles for Enhanced Anti-Inflammatory Drug Delivery in Neurodegenerative Disorders

Faiqa Shakeel; Adnan Khan; Fozia Parveen; Razia Sultana; Shoaib Ahmed; Fatima-Tu-Zahra; Amna Noor; Emaan Khurshid

doi:10.70749/ijbr.v3i11.2695

Authors

Faiqa Shakeel Faculty of Engineering and Science (FES), University of Greenwich, England, UK.
Adnan Khan Department of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Fozia Parveen Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
Razia Sultana Department of Chemistry, Gomal University, D.I Khan, KP, Pakistan.
Shoaib Ahmed Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Fatima-Tu-Zahra Faculty of Biomedical Engineering Department, RCST, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
Amna Noor Coordinator PhD. Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Pathology, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
Emaan Khurshid Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v3i11.2695

Keywords:

Neuroinflammation, Curcumin, Nanoparticles, Drug Delivery, Blood-Brain Barrier, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, Nanomedicine.

Abstract

Neurodegenerative disorders (NDD) such as Alzheimer's (AD) or Parkinson's diseases (PD) form a serious and expanding worldwide health problem with few disease-modifying agents. Chronic neuroinflammation, due to sustained activation of microglia and astrocytes, is a pivotal pathogenic pathway that leads to neurodegeneration. Curcumin, a polyphenol compound, has been recognized for its extraordinary multi-target activity with potent anti-inflammatories, antioxidant, and anti-aggregation properties, suggesting its efficacy against NDD. Nonetheless, the curcumin's applicability has been adversely affected due to its low solubility, rapid metabolism, insignificant blood-brain barrier permeability, and limited systemic availability. Nanotechnology can provide a game-changing remedy for the curcumin deficiency. In this review article, the exhaustive literature survey of curcumin-loaded nanosystems, engineered with a purposeful attempt for greater CNS targeting, has been provided. We have outlined the molecular mechanisms of neuroinflammation against NDD, as well as the curcumin mechanisms for the disorder. In this article, a vast survey of the latest nano formulations including polymeric, lipid, inorganic, or their combinations, engineered based upon their capacity for improved pharmacokinetics, utilization of cell surface biology with the aim of BBB penetration (by transferrin or lactoferrin conjugation), along with the capacity for targeted responsive-controlled drug delivery, has been included. Some convincing preliminary proof exists, according to which nano-encapsulation can profoundly potentiate curcumin activity, possessing potential efficacy against neuroinflammatory pathogenesis, alongside reducing the cell damage due to greater antioxidant efficacy, treating the pathological targets of AD, or PD, outsmarting the efficacy of unmodified curcumin. In the final analysis, the article deals with the explorations, challenges, or future potential of curcumin nanosystems with comprehensive property consideration, including development in the interdisciplinary theranostics.

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