Mean Vertical Distance of Incisive Papilla with Maxillary Central Incisor in Patients Presenting at Tertiary Care Hospital Lahore
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v3i6.2864Keywords:
Complete denture, Incisive papilla, Maxillary central incisor, Prosthodontics, Vertical distanceAbstract
Background: The incisive papilla is a reliable anatomical landmark widely used in prosthodontics to position maxillary central incisors during complete denture fabrication. Accurate placement of anterior teeth is crucial for aesthetics, speech, and oral function. Objectives: To determine the mean vertical distance between the incisive papilla and maxillary central incisor in adult patients presenting at a tertiary care hospital in Lahore. Study Design and Setting: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Dentistry, 28 Military Dental Center Lahore over six months 15 October 2024 to 15 April 2025. Methodology: Sixty adult dentate patients aged 20 to 40 years with normal maxillary anterior teeth alignment were enrolled through consecutive sampling. Demographic data including age, sex, smoking, pan chewing, and dental arch form were recorded. Impressions were taken and stone casts fabricated. The vertical distance from the center of the incisive papilla to the mesial incisal edge of maxillary central incisors was measured using a digital vernier caliper. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Independent t-tests were applied to assess differences in mean distances across stratified groups. Results: The mean vertical distance was 7.05 ± 0.25 mm (range 6.50–7.60 mm). No statistically significant differences were observed based on age, sex, smoking history, pan chewing, or arch form (p > 0.05). Conclusion: This study provides local reference values for the vertical distance between the incisive papilla and maxillary central incisors, which may aid in accurate anterior tooth positioning in denture fabrication. Demographic and behavioral factors did not significantly affect this measurement.
Downloads
References
1. LaVere AM, Marcroft KR, Smith RC, Sarka RL. Denture tooth selection: An analysis of the natural maxillary central incisor compared to the length and width of the face. J Prosthet Dent. 1992;67:66–143.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(92)90166-8
2. Hasanreisoglu U, Berksun S, Aras K, Arslan I. An analysis of maxillary anterior teeth: Facial and dental proportions. J Prosthet Dent. 2005;94(6):530–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2005.10.007
3. Harper RN. The incisive papilla. J Dent Res. 1948;27:661–8.
4. McGee GF. Tooth placement and base contour in denture construction. J Prosthet Dent. 1960;10(3):651–7. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345480270060301
5. Pachore N, Bhakhar V, Patel J, Patel A, Adeshra K. An in-vivo comparison of vertical and horizontal distance between incisive papilla and incisal edge of maxillary central incisors in dentates with different arch forms. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017;11(4):ZC97–ZC100.
https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2017/23779.9733
6. Mishra S, Mathema SR. Determining the position of tip of maxillary canines in relation to commissure of mouth and midpupillary line and its correlation with square, ovoid and tapering arch form. J Nepal Prosthodont Soc. 2019;2(1):11– 6.
https://doi.org/10.3126/jnprossoc.v2i1.26807
7. Khan F, Abbas M. The mean visible labial length of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth at rest. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2014;24(12):931–4.
8. Shrestha S, Joshi SP, Yadav SK. Relationship of incisive papilla to maxillary incisors and canines. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2016;17(4):306–12.
https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1846
9. Lee SJ, Lee S, Lim J, Wheeler TT. Method to classify dental arch forms. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;140(1):87–96.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2011.03.016
10. Rizvi SSZ, Rafique A, Riaz MU, Zakria N, Choudhary A. Evaluation of mean vertical distance between mesial incisal edge of maxillary central incisors and incisive papilla in various arch forms of patients. Med Forum. 2021;32(8):12– 15.
11. Freire JD, Zavanelli AC, Mazaro JV, Zavanelli RA, de Alexandre RS, dos Santos Neto OM. Advances and challenges in the integration of digital technologies in complete dentures: a narrative literature review. J Clin Exper Dent. 2025;17(5):e587.
https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.62598
12. Park C. A comprehensive narrative review exploring the current landscape of digital complete denture technology and advancements. Heliyon. 2025;11(2):e6879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e41870
13. Jatala UW, Bashir AF, Yazdanie N. Assessment of mean distance between central incisor and incisive papilla with respect to standardized arch form in dentate subjects. J Uni Med Dental Coll. 2021;12(1):9-16. https://doi.org/10.37723/jumdc.v12i1.489
14. Sapkota SM, Singh SK, Thakur SN, Khanal B, Pandey BR. Estimation of vertical distance of incisive papilla with maxillary central incisor and their correlation in various arch form. J Chitwan Med Coll. 2021;11(1):34-6. https://doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.326
15. Singh AV, Pandit N, Sharma M. To Establish A normal range of inter-incisal opening—a study of 756 subjects of age group 20–50 years in Yamunanagar City, Haryana. Dent J Adv Stud. 2013;1(1):1-3.
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1670583
16. Naz A, Khan SA. Comparison of distance between the most prominent part of labial surface of maxillary central incisors with the posterior limit of the incisive papilla in various arch forms. J Paj Dental Assoc. 2014;23(02):76.
17. Kotwal M, Sharma S, Gupta R, Gautam N, Sharma A. Papillo- incisal Distance: A guide to Maxillary Anterior teeth placement during Complete Denture Fabrication in Population of Jammu Region An Original Research. Ann Int Med Dental Res.2024;10(4):95-98. https://doi.org/10.53339/aimdr.2024.10.4.12
18. Ikusika OF, Adeyemi TE, Sotunde OA, Igweagu CE, Oguchi CO, Alalade O, Akeredolu PA. Predicting central incisor length from the incisive papilla in a multiethnic Northern Nigerian population. Adv Biomed Health Sci. 2023;2(4):180- 5.
https://doi.org/10.4103/abhs.abhs_34_23
19. Pachore N, Bhakhar V, Patel J, Patel A, Adeshra K. An in-vivo comparison of vertical and horizontal distance between incisive papilla and incisal edge of maxillary central incisors in dentates with different arch forms. J Clin Diagnos Res. 2017;11(4):ZC97-102.
https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2017/23779.9733
20. Memon F, Chandio R, Khan R, Faryal A, Muhammad G. Measurement of distance between maxillary central incisors and incisive papilla in dentate individuals. JMMC. 2023 Dec 11;14(1):10-2.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Indus Journal of Bioscience Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
