Antimicrobial Resistance in Food-Producing Animals and Its Impact on Human Health: A Systematic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v4i2.2888Keywords:
Antimicrobial Resistance, Food-producing Animals, One Health, Multidrug Resistance, Horizontal Gene Transfer, Antimicrobial Stewardship.Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a severe health concern in the world, and antimicrobial use (AMU) in the food-producing animals has been noted to contribute to AMR. This is a systematic review of what the literature published between 2020 and 2025 says about prevalence, genetic determinants, transmission, and implications to human health of AMR transmitted by livestock and aquaculture systems. They were able to include 112 studies according to PRISMA 2020 principles. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens were widespread in poultry, swine, cattle, and aquaculture with common resistance genes being blaCTX-M, mcr-1, mecA and blaNDM which were commonly linked to mobile genetic elements and horizontal gene transfer. Genomic evidence revealed the possibility of two-way transmission of animals to humans via food intake and occupational and environmental pollution. The interventions limiting the use of antimicrobials were linked with quantifiable decreases in the prevalence of resistance in animals and humans. The results support the idea that a One Health approach that incorporates stewardship, surveillance, and global policy coordination should be applied to reduce AMR spread and keep antimicrobial activity.
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