Diagnostic Value of High-Resolution CT in the Assessment of Paranasal Sinus Pathologies

Abstract

Background: Paranasal sinus diseases are common disorders that can significantly affect a patient’s quality of life and daily functioning. Accurate imaging plays an important role in identifying the extent of disease, guiding treatment decisions, and preventing complications. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is considered the preferred imaging technique for evaluating sinonasal diseases because it provides excellent visualization of both bony structures and soft tissues. Objective: This study aimed to determine the diagnostic value of HRCT in assessing paranasal sinus pathologies and to evaluate associated anatomical variations using the Lund–Mackay scoring system. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 40 patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of sinonasal disease. HRCT scans of the paranasal sinuses were performed and assessed for sinus involvement, type of pathology, anatomical variations, and radiological severity. Results: The mean age of the participants was 40.45 ± 15.99 years, and males represented 60% of the study population. Acute sinusitis was the most frequently observed pathology (35%), followed by mucocele (30%), chronic sinusitis (20%), and fungal sinusitis (15%). The maxillary sinus was the most commonly affected sinus. Common presenting symptoms included facial pain, nasal discharge, headache, and hyposmia. Anatomical variations such as Onodi cells, Concha bullosa, and Haller cells were frequently identified on HRCT scans. The mean Lund–Mackay score was 5.50 ± 2.55, indicating moderate radiological disease severity. Statistical analysis showed no significant association between gender and pathology type, anatomical variations, or Lund–Mackay score (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate that HRCT is a highly reliable and effective imaging modality for evaluating paranasal sinus diseases. It provides detailed information regarding disease extent, sinus involvement, and anatomical variations, which are essential for accurate diagnosis and surgical planning.