Frequency of Anxiety & Depression after Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention among Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Using Hamilton Rating Scale
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v3i2.660Keywords:
Anxiety, Cardiovascular Diseases, Depression, Myocardial Infarction, Primary Percutaneous InterventionAbstract
Objective: to determine frequency of depression and anxiety after primary percutaneous coronary intervention among patients with acute mayocardial infarction using Hamilton rating scale. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in outpatients’ clinics of interventional cardiology in National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan from 1st January 2024 to 30th July 2024. The study enrolled patients underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention within our hospital premises. Anxiety and depression were evaluated based on Rating Scale for Anxiety will be used to evaluate depression (HAMA-14) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-17) respectively. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 27. Results: A total of 300 patients were studied with with mean age of 56.4 ± 11.4 years. age range of patients was 28-90 years. About two-third patients were males (64%). About half were belonging to urban area (51%). majority of them had comorbidity of hypertension (88.7%) and diabetes (53.7%). Depression was seen in approximately one-third patients (33.7%) whereas anxiety was found in nearly one-fifth of patients (20.7%). Conclusion: The present study found that burden of depression and anxiety was higher substantial after PCI in MI patients. Integration of mental health assessment and treatment among patients with CAD as soon as after PCI is recommended for optimal and effective treatment.
Downloads
References
Kala, P., Hudakova, N., Jurajda, M., Kasparek, T., Ustohal, L., Parenica, J., Sebo, M., Holicka, M., & Kanovsky, J. (2016). Depression and anxiety after acute myocardial infarction treated by primary PCI. PLOS ONE, 11(4), e0152367. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152367
DiSante, J. L., Bires, A. M., Cline, T. W., & Waterstram-Rich, K. (2017). An analysis of the prevalence of depression post–myocardial infarction. Critical Care Nursing Quarterly, 40(2), 124-136. https://doi.org/10.1097/cnq.0000000000000149
Roest, A. M., Martens, E. J., Denollet, J., & De Jonge, P. (2010). Prognostic association of anxiety post myocardial infarction with mortality and new cardiac events: A meta-analysis. Psychosomatic Medicine, 72(6), 563-569. https://doi.org/10.1097/psy.0b013e3181dbff97
Thombs, B. D., Bass, E. B., Ford, D. E., Stewart, K. J., Tsilidis, K. K., Patel, U., Fauerbach, J. A., Bush, D. E., & Ziegelstein, R. C. (2006). Prevalence of depression in survivors of acute myocardial infarction. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21(1), 30-38. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.00269.x
Lissåker, C. T., Norlund, F., Wallert, J., Held, C., & Olsson, E. M. (2019). Persistent emotional distress after a first-time myocardial infarction and its association to late cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 26(14), 1510-1518. https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487319841475
Norlund, F., Wallin, E., Olsson, E. M., Wallert, J., Burell, G., Von Essen, L., & Held, C. (2018). Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for symptoms of depression and anxiety among patients with a recent myocardial infarction: The U-CARE heart randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 20(3), e88. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.9710
Farooq, R. K., Isingrini, E., Tanti, A., Le Guisquet, A., Arlicot, N., Minier, F., Leman, S., Chalon, S., Belzung, C., & Camus, V. (2012). Is unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) a reliable model to study depression-induced neuroinflammation? Behavioural Brain Research, 231(1), 130-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2012.03.020
Goldfeld, P. R., Soares, L. S., & Manfroi, W. C. (2015). Association of depression and stress in acute myocardial infarction: A case-control study. Revista de la Facultad de Medicina, 63(3), 439-448. https://doi.org/10.15446/revfacmed.v63n3.50860
Hosseini, S. H., Ghaemian, A., Mehdizadeh, E., & Ashraf, H. (2014). Contribution of depression and anxiety to impaired quality of life in survivors of myocardial infarction. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 18(3), 175-181. https://doi.org/10.3109/13651501.2014.940049
Bush, D. E., Ziegelstein, R. C., Tayback, M., Richter, D., Stevens, S., Zahalsky, H., & Fauerbach, J. A. (2001). Even minimal symptoms of depression increase mortality risk after acute myocardial infarction. The American Journal of Cardiology, 88(4), 337-341. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9149(01)01675-7
Meijer, A., Conradi, H. J., Bos, E. H., Thombs, B. D., Van Melle, J. P., & De Jonge, P. (2011). Prognostic association of depression following myocardial infarction with mortality and cardiovascular events: A meta-analysis of 25 years of research. General Hospital Psychiatry, 33(3), 203-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2011.02.007
Lett, H. S., Blumenthal, J. A., Babyak, M. A., Sherwood, A., Strauman, T., Robins, C., & Newman, M. F. (2004). Depression as a risk factor for coronary artery disease: Evidence, mechanisms, and treatment. Psychosomatic Medicine, 66(3), 305-315. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-200405000-00004
Ali, A. A., Iqbal, K. I., Kumar, D. K., Sagheer, T. S., Kumar, S. K., & Parkash, C. P. (2022). Depression in various ethnic groups of Pakistan after primary percutaneous coronary intervention. The Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases, 18(2). https://doi.org/10.55958/jcvd.v18i2.96
Mujtaba, S. F., Sial, J. A., & Karim, M. (2020). Depression and anxiety in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndrome. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 36(5). https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.1749
O'Hara, M. W., & Rehm, L. P. (1983). Hamilton rating scale for depression: Reliability and validity of judgments of novice raters. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 51(2), 318-319. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-006x.51.2.318
HAMILTON, M. (1959). The assessment of anxiety states by rating. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 32(1), 50-55. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8341.1959.tb00467.x
Xiao, L., Wang, P., Fang, Q., & Zhao, Q. (2018). Health-promoting lifestyle in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention. Korean Circulation Journal, 48(6), 507. https://doi.org/10.4070/kcj.2017.0312
Vulcănescu, D., Gheorman, V., Pîrvu, D. C., Dinescu, V. C., Gheorman, V., Udriștoiu, I., Paraschiv, A. M., Bunescu, M. G., Berceanu, M. C., Gheorman, L., Dinescu, S. N., Popa, R., Florescu, C., Mită, A., & Forțofoiu, C. M. (2023). Primary PCI and mental health: A 12-Month follow-up study. Healthcare, 11(11), 1620. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11111620
Saeed, H., Khan, F., Mohsin, S. F., Qizilbash, F. H., Fraz, T. R., Jawed, Q., & Lashari, N. (2018). Pattern of depression among patients of myocardial infarction in Karachi, Pakistan: A cross-sectional study. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.3199
Della Méa, C. P., Bettinelli, L. A., & Pasqualotti, A. (2018). Anxiety and depression symptoms in adults and elderly in post-percutaneous coronary intervention. Acta Colombiana de Psicología, 21(2), 236-257. https://doi.org/10.14718/acp.2018.21.2.11
Nedeljkovic, I. (2018). Assessment of depression and anxiety in patients before and after percutaneous coronary intervention: A step forward in cardiac rehabilitation? European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 25(10), 1015-1016. https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487318774094
Pan, R., Fan, Q., & Tao, R. (2023). Depression following acute coronary syndrome: A review. Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine, 24(9). https://doi.org/10.31083/j.rcm2409247
Liu, J., Wu, J., Wang, J., Chen, S., Yin, X., & Gong, Y. (2024). Prevalence and associated factors for depressive symptoms among the general population from 31 provinces in China: The utility of social determinants of health theory. Journal of Affective Disorders, 347, 269-277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.134
Ullah, I., Ali, S., Ashraf, F., Hakim, Y., Ali, I., Ullah, A. R., Chattu, V. K., & Pakpour, A. H. (2022). Prevalence of depression and anxiety among general population in Pakistan during COVID-19 lockdown: An online-survey. Current Psychology, 43(9), 8338-8345. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-02815-7
Rawashdeh, S. I., Ibdah, R., Kheirallah, K. A., Al-kasasbeh, A., Raffee, L. A., Alrabadi, N., Albustami, I. S., Haddad, R., Ibdah, R. M., & Al-Mistarehi, A. (2021). Prevalence estimates, severity, and risk factors of depressive symptoms among coronary artery disease patients after ten days of percutaneous coronary intervention. Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health, 17(1), 103-113. https://doi.org/10.2174/1745017902117010103
AL-ZARU, I. M., ALHALAIQA, F., DALKY, H. F., ARRAMADAN, K. A., & BATIHA, A. (2019). Depression in Nonhospitalized Jordanian patients with coronary artery disease. Journal of Nursing Research, 28(1), e66. https://doi.org/10.1097/jnr.0000000000000341
Al-Abbudi, S. J., Lami, F. H., & Wady, Z. A. (2018). Prevalence and assessment of severity of depression among ischemic heart disease patients attending outpatient cardiology department Baghdad teaching Hospital, Baghdad. Iraq. J Psychiatry, 21(2). https://doi.org/10.4172/2378-5756.1000438
Sharma Dhital, P., Sharma, K., Poudel, P., & Dhital, P. R. (2018). Anxiety and depression among patients with coronary artery disease attending at a cardiac center, Kathmandu, Nepal. Nursing Research and Practice, 2018, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4181952
Olsen, S. J., Schirmer, H., Wilsgaard, T., Bønaa, K. H., & Hanssen, T. A. (2018). Cardiac rehabilitation and symptoms of anxiety and depression after percutaneous coronary intervention. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 25(10), 1017-1025. https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487318778088
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Indus Journal of Bioscience Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
