Exploring the Status and Health Risks of Microbial Contamination in Sarband's Drinking Water, Peshawar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v3i2.673Keywords:
Microbial Contamination, Drinking Water, E. Coli, Health Risks, Sarband, Peshawar, Waterborne DiseasesAbstract
To sustain life, we need drinking water that is free of contamination by impurities or microorganisms that could be harmful. This study aimed to assess water accessibility in Union Council Sarband Peshawar, testing samples from a tube well and borehole at source, tap, and storage tanks. The physical, chemical, and biological parameters of these materials were investigated after they were collected. Procedures approved by the American Public Health Association (APHA) were utilized in the analysis of the water samples. The results indicated that the physical and chemical parameters were within the permissible range specified by the limits established by the National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) for drinking water. pH ranges from 6.8 to 7.5, EC ranges from712 ꭎS/cm to 863ꭎS/cm, TDS ranges from 353 mg/L to 434 mg/l, Total hardness ranges from 200 mg/L to 390 mg/L, Alkalinity ranges from 170 mg/L to 310 mg/L, Turbidity ranges from1.2 NTU to 2.9 NTU, Chloride ranges from 32 mg/L to 61 mg/L, Nitrate ranges from7 mg/L while lowest is 2 mg/L. The measured values of the biological parameters were found to be excessively high. The range for total coliform is between 1 and 52 CFU per 100 ml, and the range for fecal coliform is between 1 and 25 CFU per 100 ml. The levels of microbial contamination were found to be higher at the end user and the storage tanks. The prevalence of coliform bacteria in the collected samples, including fecal coliforms, serves as a definitive indication of the presence of contamination originating from human and animal excrement. Urgent action is needed to improve distribution efficiency, maintain storage cleanliness, fix leaks, prevent pollution, and ensure safe drinking water for human health within the Union Council Sarband Peshawar.
Downloads
References
Abu Amr, S. S., & Yassin, M. M. (2008).Microbial contamination of the drinking waterdistribution system and its impact on humanhealth in Khan Yunis Governorate, Gaza Strip:Seven years of monitoring (2000–2006). PublicHealth, 122(11), 1275–1283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2008.02.009
Hawthorne, J. (2019). The Water Crisis In India:Everything You Need To Know. 11th January,2018https://businessconnectworld.com/2018/01/11/water-crisis-in-india
Annapoorna, H., & Janardhana, M. (2015).Assessment of groundwater quality for drinkingpurpose in rural areas surrounding a defunctcopper mine. Aquatic Procedia, 4, 685-692.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqpro.2015.02.088
Daniels, B., & Mesner, N. (2010). Nitrate. UtahState University: Water Quality Extension. UtahState University, Logan, Utah.
Fatima, A., Urooj, S., Mirani, Z. A., Abbas, T.,& Khan, M. N. (2021). Fecal coliformcontamination of drinking water in Karachi,Pakistan. PSM Microbiology, 6(2), 42-48.https://psmjournals.org/index.php/microbiol/article/view/556
Anonymous. FAO. Cited in Water and RelatedStatistics Water Published by ResourcesInformation System Directorate InformationSystem Organisation, Water Planning & ProjectWing, Central Water Commission, 2015.
Ahmad, N., Waqas, M., Zareen, K., Rehman, H.U., Din, J. U., Bayan, R., ... & Afridi, S. (2017).Bacteriological analysis of well water in distractSwat KPK Pakistan. Journal of entomology andzoology studies, 5(1), 403-406.
Azizullah, A., Khattak, M. N., Richter, P., &Häder, D. (2011). Water pollution in Pakistanand its impact on public health — Areview. Environment International, 37(2), 479-497.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2010.10.007
Singh, R. K., Sinha, V. S., Joshi, P. K., &Kumar, M. (2020). Modelling agriculture,forestry and other land use (AFOLU) inresponse to climate change scenarios for theSAARC nations. Environmental MonitoringandAssessment, 192(4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-020-8144-2
Bain, R., Cronk, R., Wright, J., Yang, H.,Slaymaker, T., & Bartram, J. (2014). Fecalcontamination of drinking-water in low- andmiddle-income countries: A systematic reviewand meta-analysis. PLoS Medicine, 11(5),e1001644. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001644
Dufour, A., Snozzi, M., Koster, W., Bartram, J.,Ronchi, E., & Fewtrell, L. (Eds.).(2003). Assessing microbial safety of drinkingwater: Improving approaches and methods.IWA Publishing.
Ali, S. S., Anwar, Z., & Khattak, J. Z. K. (2012).Microbial analysis of drinking water and waterdistribution system in new urban Peshawar. Current Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 4(6), 731-737.https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail/20410778-201211-201508180050-201508180050-731-737
Wittler, R. R. (2023). Foodborne and Waterborne illness. Pediatrics In Review, 44(2), 81-91. https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.2022-005621
Fida, M., Li, P., Wang, Y., Alam, S. M., &Nsabimana, A. (2022). Water contaminationand human health risks in Pakistan: Areview. Exposure and Health, 15(3), 619-639.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-022-00512-1
Fida, M., Li, P., Wang, Y., Alam, S. M., &Nsabimana, A. (2022). Water contaminationand human health risks in Pakistan: Areview. Exposure and Health, 15(3), 619-639.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-022-00512-1
Greenberg, a. W., w. I. A., clesceri, l., & eaton,a.(2012). Standard methods for the examinationof water and wastewater. American publichealth association wasghington dc.
Iftikhar, B., Bashirullah, N., Ishtiaq, M., Khan,S.A., Siddique, S., & Ayaz, T. (2016). Chemicalquality assessment of drinking water in districtPeshawar, Pakistan. Khyber Med Univ J, 8(4),171.
Musa, J. J., Adewumi, J. K., ADEOYE, P. A.,Mustapha, H. I., & Adebayo, S. E. (2011).Physicochemical assessment of groundwater asa source of domestic water use in some selectedsettlements in Minna, Niger State.http://ir.futminna.edu.ng:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/2513
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Indus Journal of Bioscience Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
