Understanding of Kidney Stones among Adults in Quetta, Balochistan

Muhammad Musa Kakar; Asadullah; Ali Nawaz; Sana Ullah Kakar

doi:10.70749/ijbr.v3i3.2385

Authors

Muhammad Musa Kakar Department of Urology, Sandeman Provincial Hospital (SPH) & Bolan Medical College (BMC), Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan.
Asadullah Department of Urology, Sandeman Provincial Hospital (SPH) & Bolan Medical College (BMC), Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan.
Ali Nawaz Department of Urology, Sandeman Provincial Hospital (SPH) & Bolan Medical College (BMC), Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan.
Sana Ullah Kakar Balochistan Institute of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (BIPBS), Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v3i3.2385

Keywords:

kidney Stones, Nephrolithiasis, Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, Quetta, Balochistan.

Abstract

Background: Kidney stones (nephrolithiasis) are a common urological condition with important public health implications. Local awareness and preventive behaviors shape disease burden, but data from Balochistan are sparse. Objective: To assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to kidney stones among adults in Quetta, Balochistan. Methods: Cross sectional survey of adults (≥18 years) in Quetta using a structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Sample size was calculated for estimating a proportion with 5% precision (n=424 after adjusting for nonresponse). Knowledge was scored on 15 items (range 0–15); scores ≥12 (≥75%) classified as "good" knowledge. Data were analyzed descriptively and using chi square and multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with good knowledge. (Results presented are simulated for demonstration.). Results: Final sample n=424. Mean age 38.4 years (SD 12.1); 53.3% male. Mean knowledge score 9.2 (SD 3.0); 96 participants (22.6%) had good knowledge. Higher education (tertiary vs no formal education) was strongly associated with good knowledge (adjusted OR 13.5; 95% CI 6.3–28.8; p<0.001). Prior personal history of kidney stones was also associated (adjusted OR 5.2; 95% CI 3.0–9.1; p<0.001). Conclusion: In this simulated example, awareness of kidney stone causes and prevention is limited in Quetta, especially among less educated adults. Targeted community education and primary care counseling are recommended. Replace simulated results with your survey data.

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