Frequency of Aplastic Anemia on Bone Marrow Examination in Pediatric Patients with Pancytopenia on Peripheral Smear Presented to MTI-LRH Peshawar

Yusra Majeed; Mohsin Hayat; Fatima; Nimra Paracha

doi:10.70749/ijbr.v3i3.2512

Authors

Yusra Majeed Department of Pediatrics, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
Mohsin Hayat Department of Pediatrics, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
Fatima Department of Pediatrics, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
Nimra Paracha Department of Pediatrics, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v3i3.2512

Keywords:

Aplastic Anemia, Bone Marrow, Bone Marrow Examination, Child, Pancytopenia, Peripheral Blood Smear

Abstract

Background: Aplastic anemia is a serious condition affecting the bone marrow and involves the impaired function of hematopoietic stem cells, which leads to reduced production of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in the blood. Pancytopenia is the clinical expression of bone marrow failure that is frequently observed in children with symptoms of anemia, infection, and bleeding phenomena. The accurate measurement of aplastic anemia in pancytopenia can help in understanding the magnitude of the problem and can be useful in improving diagnostic awareness in resource-constraint regions. Objective: To determine the frequency of aplastic anemia on bone marrow examination in patients with pancytopenia. Study Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Duration and Place of Study: The study was conducted from January 2024 to June 2024 at the Department of Pediatrics, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar. Methodology: A total of 148 children aged 1–15 years with pancytopenia confirmed on peripheral smear were enrolled through consecutive sampling. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy were performed using standard sterile techniques. Samples were assessed microscopically for cellularity and hematopoietic elements. Aplastic anemia was diagnosed when marrow showed hypocellularity with reduction of at least two hematopoietic cell lines. Results: Out of 148 patients, 79 were males and 69 were females with mean age 7.93 ± 4.47 years. Aplastic anemia was found in 30 patients (20.30%), while 118 (79.70%) had other causes. No significant association was observed with age, gender, or body weight. Conclusion: Aplastic anemia is a notable cause of pancytopenia among children in Peshawar.

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